Research Supporting LyteFast
Peer-reviewed references supporting weight forecasting, energy balance, carbon footprint of diets, gluten detection, nutrition databases, and AI food analysis.
Links open in your language when available • Prioritizing research from Harvard, Stanford, and MIT
Weight Forecast
Weight forecasting employs predictive models grounded in energy balance principles to estimate future weight trends based on recent data. Research indicates that self-monitoring of weight and calorie intake, along with trend smoothing to minimize daily fluctuations, assists individuals in comprehending their trajectory and making timely adjustments. Short-horizon predictive modeling transforms your recent trajectory into actionable forecasts that facilitate adherence and the development of long-term habits.
Key Studies
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Critical analysis of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-measured body composition changes with voluntary weight loss.
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) • 2025
Demonstrates the importance of accurate body composition measurement in tracking weight changes, supporting the need for trend smoothing in weight forecasting models.
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Exercise and eating motivation in weight loss maintenance: revisiting the motivational spillover with the NoHoW study.
Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine • 2025
Demonstrates how self-monitoring and feedback mechanisms facilitate long-term weight maintenance, validating the strategy of offering clear forecasts and trend visualization.
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Systematic Review of Machine Learning applied to the Prediction of Obesity and Overweight.
Journal of medical systems • 2023
Reviews machine learning approaches for weight prediction, supporting the use of predictive modeling in weight management applications.
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Machine learning augmentation reduces prediction error in collective forecasting: development and validation across prediction markets with application to COVID events.
EBioMedicine • 2023
Demonstrates how machine learning can enhance forecasting accuracy, particularly in weight trend prediction models.
Budget-Based Calories
Pre-set calorie budgets with clear "within budget" or "over budget" feedback assist users in making informed food choices in real-time. Research indicates that this decision-support approach enhances adherence to calorie goals by minimizing cognitive load and offering immediate, actionable feedback. The straightforward "spend vs. budget" framework aligns with principles of behavioral economics, which suggest that individuals make better decisions when they have clear constraints and receive instant feedback on their choices.
Key Studies
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Exercise and eating motivation in weight loss maintenance: revisiting the motivational spillover with the NoHoW study.
Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine • 2025
Demonstrates that structured goal-setting and feedback mechanisms enhance adherence to dietary targets, reinforcing the budget-based calorie approach.
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Intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating versus calorie restriction and standard care in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
Nature medicine • 2023
Demonstrates that structured calorie management approaches improve adherence and outcomes compared to standard care.
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Intermittent Fasting versus Continuous Calorie Restriction: Which Is Better for Weight Loss?
Nutrients • 2022
Compares various calorie restriction strategies, demonstrating that well-defined calorie budgets enhance adherence regardless of the timing method used.
Calorie Deficit & Energy Balance
Energy balance—the relationship between calories consumed and calories burned—is the primary factor influencing weight change. Research consistently demonstrates that establishing a calorie deficit results in weight loss, whereas a surplus results in weight gain. Visualizing this deficit in real-time aids users in comprehending how their daily choices affect their progress toward their goals. The app conveys energy balance in straightforward terms, illustrating the difference between current intake and target, as well as what modifications can help bridge that gap.
Key Studies
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Critical analysis of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-measured body composition changes with voluntary weight loss.
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) • 2025
Confirms that energy balance is the fundamental mechanism driving weight change, validating the calorie deficit approach.
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Intermittent Fasting versus Continuous Calorie Restriction: Which Is Better for Weight Loss?
Nutrients • 2022
Demonstrates that a calorie deficit, irrespective of timing, promotes weight loss, reinforcing the principle of energy balance.
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Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA internal medicine • 2022
Demonstrates that a calorie deficit achieved through time-restricted eating leads to measurable weight loss, confirming the principles of energy balance.
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Intermittent Fasting in Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The journal of nursing research : JNR • 2022
Demonstrates that a calorie deficit is the primary mechanism for weight loss, irrespective of the timing of eating patterns.
AI Food Scanner
Artificial intelligence and machine learning facilitate automated food recognition through photos, text descriptions, and barcode scanning. Research indicates that AI-driven nutrition estimation can achieve reasonable accuracy for common foods, assisting users in logging meals more quickly and consistently. The integration of photo analysis, barcode scanning, and text parsing establishes multiple avenues for food logging, thereby lowering barriers to self-monitoring and enhancing adherence to calorie tracking.
Key Studies
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DietAI24 as a framework for comprehensive nutrition estimation using multimodal large language models.
Communications medicine • 2025
Demonstrates how AI and large language models can accurately estimate nutrition from food images and descriptions.
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Extract Nutritional Information from Bilingual Food Labels Using Large Language Models.
Journal of imaging • 2025
Demonstrates that AI can extract nutritional information from food labels, facilitating both barcode and text-based food logging.
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Automated Artificial Intelligence-Based Thai Food Dietary Assessment System: Development and Validation.
Current developments in nutrition • 2024
Validates AI-based food recognition systems for dietary assessment, demonstrating accuracy in real-world food logging scenarios.
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Natural language processing and machine learning approaches for food categorization and nutrition quality prediction compared with traditional methods.
The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2023
Compares AI-based food categorization to traditional methods, demonstrating that machine learning approaches can effectively classify foods and predict nutritional quality.
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Enhancing Clinical Data Management Through Barcode Integration and Research Electronic Data Capture: Scalable and Adaptable Implementation Study.
JMIR formative research • 2025
Demonstrates the effectiveness of barcode scanning for accurate data capture, supporting barcode-based food logging.
Carbon Footprint
Food production accounts for a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Research indicates that different foods have vastly different carbon footprints, and dietary choices can substantially influence environmental sustainability. Tracking the carbon footprint of meals assists users in understanding the environmental impact of their food choices and making more sustainable decisions. Studies demonstrate that even small dietary changes can meaningfully reduce carbon emissions.
Key Studies
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Sustainable diets reduce diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and improve diet quality: results from the MyPlanetDiet randomized controlled trial.
The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2025
Demonstrates that sustainable dietary patterns can lower greenhouse gas emissions while enhancing diet quality, thereby validating the tracking of carbon footprints.
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Are healthier diets more sustainable? A cross-sectional assessment of 8 diet quality indexes and 7 sustainability metrics.
The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2025
Demonstrates the relationship between diet quality and environmental sustainability, supporting awareness of carbon footprints in food choices.
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Diet quality and environmental impact of university students' food choices at a South African university.
Frontiers in nutrition • 2025
Demonstrates that food choices have quantifiable environmental effects, underscoring the significance of tracking carbon footprints.
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Single-item substitutions can substantially reduce the carbon and water scarcity footprints of US diets.
The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2022
Demonstrates that small dietary changes can significantly reduce carbon footprints, supporting the importance of carbon tracking in food choices.
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Cooking at Home, Fast Food, Meat Consumption, and Dietary Carbon Footprint among US Adults.
International journal of environmental research and public health • 2022
Demonstrates how various food choices and preparation methods affect carbon footprint, supporting meal-level carbon tracking.
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Greenhouse gas emissions, cost, and diet quality of specific diet patterns in the United States.
The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2023
Compares carbon footprints across various dietary patterns, highlighting significant differences and the importance of monitoring.
Gluten Detection
For individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, avoiding gluten is crucial for maintaining health. Research indicates that even minimal amounts of gluten can trigger symptoms and lead to long-term damage in sensitive individuals. Barcode scanning and food analysis can assist in identifying gluten-containing products, offering a quick screening method to support adherence to a gluten-free diet. While the app provides indicators based on product information, it is important to understand that it serves as an estimator and should not replace careful label reading or medical advice.
Key Studies
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Diagnostic Accuracy of IgA Anti-Transglutaminase Assessed by Chemiluminescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Nutrients • 2024
Reviews diagnostic methods for celiac disease, emphasizing the significance of precise gluten detection for individuals with celiac disease.
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Recent advancements in the sensors for food analysis to detect gluten: A mini-review [2019-2023].
Food chemistry • 2024
Reviews technological approaches to gluten detection in foods, supporting the use of food analysis for gluten screening.
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Evaluation of the Usefulness of an Automatable Immunoassay for Monitoring Celiac Disease by Quantification of Immunogenic Gluten Peptides in Urine.
Nutrients • 2023
Highlights the significance of monitoring gluten exposure for individuals with celiac disease, reinforcing the necessity for gluten detection tools.
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Rapid Anti-tTG-IgA Screening Test for Early Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Populations.
Nutrients • 2023
Demonstrates the importance of early detection and monitoring of gluten exposure in the management of celiac disease.
Fasting View & Predictive Modeling
Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating are dietary strategies that confine eating to designated time periods. Research indicates that the advantages of these strategies are primarily influenced by total calorie intake and consistency, rather than timing alone. Predictive modeling enables users to understand how their fasting patterns correlate with their weight trends and forecasts. The app connects fasting windows to calorie budgets, trends, and forecasts, clarifying the relationship between fasting and outcomes in a clear and actionable manner.
Key Studies
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Intermittent fasting strategies and their effects on body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.) • 2025
Comprehensive review showing that intermittent fasting strategies are effective for weight loss, with benefits mediated by calorie reduction.
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Time-restricted eating: Watching the clock to treat obesity.
Cell metabolism • 2024
Reviews of time-restricted eating research indicate that the benefits are mainly attributable to calorie reduction rather than the timing itself.
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Health Benefits of Intermittent Fasting.
Microbial physiology • 2024
Intermittent fasting has been shown to offer various health benefits, supporting the integration of fasting tracking with calorie and weight management.
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A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss.
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) • 2023
Compares different fasting approaches, demonstrating that all are effective when they create a calorie deficit, thereby supporting the connection between fasting and energy balance.
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Clinical application of intermittent fasting for weight loss: progress and future directions.
Nature reviews. Endocrinology • 2022
Reviews clinical evidence for intermittent fasting, emphasizing that outcomes are linked to calorie intake and supporting predictive modeling of fasting effects.
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Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases.
Endocrine reviews • 2022
Comprehensive review of time-restricted eating, demonstrating its effectiveness when paired with calorie awareness and tracking.
Full References
Complete list of all peer-reviewed references. Tags indicate which feature(s) each reference supports.
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1Critical analysis of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-measured body composition changes with voluntary weight loss.Heymsfield SB, Ramirez S, Yang S et al. • Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) • 2025[Calorie Deficit][Weight Forecast]
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2Exercise and eating motivation in weight loss maintenance: revisiting the motivational spillover with the NoHoW study.Palmeira AL, Carraça EV, Santos I et al. • Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine • 2025
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3Diet quality and environmental impact of university students' food choices at a South African university.Sahadeo S, Naicker A, Makanjana O et al. • Frontiers in nutrition • 2025[Carbon Footprint]
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4Considering greenhouse gas emissions from feed production in diet formulation for dairy cows as a means of reducing the carbon footprint.Managos M, Lindahl C, Agenäs S et al. • Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience • 2025[AI Food Scanner][Carbon Footprint]
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5Are healthier diets more sustainable? A cross-sectional assessment of 8 diet quality indexes and 7 sustainability metrics.Conrad Z, Thorne-Lyman AL, Wu S et al. • The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2025[AI Food Scanner][Carbon Footprint]
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6Enhancing Clinical Data Management Through Barcode Integration and Research Electronic Data Capture: Scalable and Adaptable Implementation Study.Zhang R, Chiron S, Tyree R et al. • JMIR formative research • 2025[AI Food Scanner]
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7Extract Nutritional Information from Bilingual Food Labels Using Large Language Models.Assiri FY, Alahmadi MD, Almuashi MA et al. • Journal of imaging • 2025[AI Food Scanner]
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8Intermittent fasting strategies and their effects on body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.Semnani-Azad Z, Khan TA, Chiavaroli L et al. • BMJ (Clinical research ed.) • 2025[Fasting View]
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9DietAI24 as a framework for comprehensive nutrition estimation using multimodal large language models.Yan R, Luo H, Lu J et al. • Communications medicine • 2025[AI Food Scanner]
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10Retinopathy of Prematurity.Kaur K, Mikes BA • Journal • 2025
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11Machine learning for forecasting initial seizure onset in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Bernardo D, Kim J, Cornet MC et al. • Epilepsia • 2025[Weight Forecast]
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12Machine learning-based prediction of G-CSF-induced hematopoietic stem cell mobilization outcomes in healthy volunteers.Shi C, Zeng X, Ge J et al. • Bone marrow transplantation • 2025[Weight Forecast]
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13Sustainable diets reduce diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and improve diet quality: results from the MyPlanetDiet randomized controlled trial.Davies KP, Gibney ER, Leonard UM et al. • The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2025[AI Food Scanner][Carbon Footprint][Carbon Footprint]
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14Sustainable Breastfeeding: A State-of-the Art Review.Bai YK, Alsaidi M • Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association • 2024
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15Environmental and Health Sustainability of the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review.Lorca-Camara V, Bosque-Prous M, Bes-Rastrollo M et al. • Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) • 2024[AI Food Scanner][Carbon Footprint]
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16[Analysis of food carbon footprint and its socio-demographic disparities in China in 2018].Hong X, Li W, Wang L et al. • Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research • 2024[Carbon Footprint]
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17The impact of slaughter weight and sex on the carbon footprint of pig feed intake.De Cuyper C, Van den Broeke A, Van Linden V et al. • Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience • 2024
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18Diagnostic Accuracy of IgA Anti-Transglutaminase Assessed by Chemiluminescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pjetraj D, Pulvirenti A, Moretti M et al. • Nutrients • 2024
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19Recent advancements in the sensors for food analysis to detect gluten: A mini-review [2019-2023].Jain S, Lamba BY, Dubey SK • Food chemistry • 2024[Gluten Detection]
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20Automated Artificial Intelligence-Based Thai Food Dietary Assessment System: Development and Validation.Chotwanvirat P, Prachansuwan A, Sridonpai P et al. • Current developments in nutrition • 2024[AI Food Scanner][AI Food Scanner]
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21Time-restricted eating: Watching the clock to treat obesity.Ezpeleta M, Cienfuegos S, Lin S et al. • Cell metabolism • 2024[Fasting View]
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22Health Benefits of Intermittent Fasting.Reddy BL, Reddy VS, Saier MH Jr • Microbial physiology • 2024[Fasting View]
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23Effect of intermittent fasting 16:8 and 14:10 compared with control-group on weight reduction and metabolic outcomes in obesity with type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized controlled trial.Sukkriang N, Buranapin S • Journal of diabetes investigation • 2024[Fasting View]
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24Interpretable machine learning model for new-onset atrial fibrillation prediction in critically ill patients: a multi-center study.Guan C, Gong A, Zhao Y et al. • Critical care (London, England) • 2024[Weight Forecast]
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25Machine learning based clinical prediction model for 1-year mortality in Sepsis patients with atrial fibrillation.Meng H, Guo L, Pan Y et al. • Heliyon • 2024[Weight Forecast]
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26Machine learning for air quality index (AQI) forecasting: shallow learning or deep learning?Kalantari E, Gholami H, Malakooti H et al. • Environmental science and pollution research international • 2024[Weight Forecast]
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27Health outcomes, environmental impacts, and diet costs of adherence to the EAT-Lancet Diet in China in 1997-2015: a health and nutrition survey.Cai H, Talsma EF, Chang Z et al. • The Lancet. Planetary health • 2024[Carbon Footprint]
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28Adherence to a Planetary Health Diet, Environmental Impacts, and Mortality in Chinese Adults.Ye YX, Geng TT, Zhou YF et al. • JAMA network open • 2023[Carbon Footprint]
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29Environmental impacts and diet quality of popular diet models compared to Turkey's national nutrition guidelines.Kemaloglu M, Öner N, Soylu M • Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia • 2023[Carbon Footprint]
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30Forage based diet as an alternative to a high concentrate diet for finishing young bulls - Effects on growth performance, greenhouse gas emissions and meat quality.Santos-Silva J, Alves SP, Francisco A et al. • Meat science • 2023[Carbon Footprint]
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31Evaluation of the Usefulness of an Automatable Immunoassay for Monitoring Celiac Disease by Quantification of Immunogenic Gluten Peptides in Urine.Segura V, Ruiz-Carnicer Á, Mendía I et al. • Nutrients • 2023[Gluten Detection]
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32Rapid Anti-tTG-IgA Screening Test for Early Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Populations.Mendia I, Segura V, Ruiz-Carnicer Á et al. • Nutrients • 2023[Gluten Detection]
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33Natural language processing and machine learning approaches for food categorization and nutrition quality prediction compared with traditional methods.Hu G, Ahmed M, L'Abbé MR • The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2023[Weight Forecast][AI Food Scanner][AI Food Scanner]
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34A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss.Elortegui Pascual P, Rolands MR, Eldridge AL et al. • Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) • 2023[Fasting View]
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35Intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating versus calorie restriction and standard care in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.Teong XT, Liu K, Vincent AD et al. • Nature medicine • 2023[Budget-Based Calories][Calorie Deficit][Fasting View]
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36[Intermittent fasting and human metabolic health].Carvajal V, Marín A, Gihardo D et al. • Revista medica de Chile • 2023[Fasting View]
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37Systematic Review of Machine Learning applied to the Prediction of Obesity and Overweight.Ferreras A, Sumalla-Cano S, Martínez-Licort R et al. • Journal of medical systems • 2023[Weight Forecast][Weight Forecast][Weight Forecast]
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38Machine learning augmentation reduces prediction error in collective forecasting: development and validation across prediction markets with application to COVID events.Gruen A, Mattingly KR, Morwitch E et al. • EBioMedicine • 2023[Weight Forecast]
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39A Machine Learning Model Ensemble for Mixed Power Load Forecasting across Multiple Time Horizons.Giamarelos N, Papadimitrakis M, Stogiannos M et al. • Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) • 2023[Weight Forecast]
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40Accurate prediction of calving in dairy cows by applying feature engineering and machine learning.Vázquez-Diosdado JA, Gruhier J, Miguel-Pacheco GG et al. • Preventive veterinary medicine • 2023[Weight Forecast]
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41Application of machine learning algorithms to construct and validate a prediction model for coronary heart disease risk in patients with periodontitis: a population-based study.Wang Y, Ni B, Xiao Y et al. • Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine • 2023[Weight Forecast]
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42Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Combined With Machine Learning Approach Improved Tacrolimus Trough Concentration Prediction in Chinese Adult Liver Transplant Recipients.Li ZR, Li RD, Niu WJ et al. • Journal of clinical pharmacology • 2023[Weight Forecast]
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43The importance of eggs in an environmentally sustainable diet.Mason P • Nutrition bulletin • 2023[AI Food Scanner][Carbon Footprint][Carbon Footprint]
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44Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and adherence to Mediterranean diet in an adult population: the Mediterranean diet index as a pollution level index.García S, Bouzas C, Mateos D et al. • Environmental health : a global access science source • 2023[Carbon Footprint]
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45Carbon Footprint of Away-From-Home Food Consumption in Brazilian Diet.Bezerra IN, Verde SMML, Almeida BS et al. • International journal of environmental research and public health • 2022[Carbon Footprint]
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46Water-Food-Carbon Nexus Related to the Producer-Consumer Link: A Review.Wang J, Sun S, Yin Y et al. • Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) • 2022[Carbon Footprint]
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47Ultra-processed food intake and diet carbon and water footprints: a national study in Brazil.Garzillo JMF, Poli VFS, Leite FHM et al. • Revista de saude publica • 2022[Carbon Footprint]
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48Cooking at Home, Fast Food, Meat Consumption, and Dietary Carbon Footprint among US Adults.Wolfson JA, Willits-Smith AM, Leung CW et al. • International journal of environmental research and public health • 2022[Carbon Footprint]
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49Food purchase behaviour in a Finnish population: patterns, carbon footprints and expenditures.Meinilä J, Hartikainen H, Tuomisto HL et al. • Public health nutrition • 2022[Carbon Footprint]
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50The positive climate impact of the Mediterranean diet and current divergence of Mediterranean countries towards less climate sustainable food consumption patterns.Castaldi S, Dembska K, Antonelli M et al. • Scientific reports • 2022[AI Food Scanner][Carbon Footprint]
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51Single-item substitutions can substantially reduce the carbon and water scarcity footprints of US diets.Rose D, Willits-Smith AM, Heller MC • The American journal of clinical nutrition • 2022[Carbon Footprint]
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52Carbon Footprint Reduction by Transitioning to a Diet Consistent with the Danish Climate-Friendly Dietary Guidelines: A Comparison of Different Carbon Footprint Databases.Trolle E, Nordman M, Lassen AD et al. • Foods (Basel, Switzerland) • 2022[Carbon Footprint]
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53Clinical application of intermittent fasting for weight loss: progress and future directions.Varady KA, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M et al. • Nature reviews. Endocrinology • 2022[Fasting View]
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54Intermittent Fasting and Metabolic Health.Vasim I, Majeed CN, DeBoer MD • Nutrients • 2022[Fasting View]
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55Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Jamshed H, Steger FL, Bryan DR et al. • JAMA internal medicine • 2022[Fasting View]
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56Intermittent Fasting versus Continuous Calorie Restriction: Which Is Better for Weight Loss?Zhang Q, Zhang C, Wang H et al. • Nutrients • 2022[Budget-Based Calories][Calorie Deficit][Fasting View]
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57Intermittent Fasting in Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Chair SY, Cai H, Cao X et al. • The journal of nursing research : JNR • 2022[Fasting View]
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58Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases.Manoogian ENC, Chow LS, Taub PR et al. • Endocrine reviews • 2022[Fasting View]
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59Time restricted eating for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.Cienfuegos S, McStay M, Gabel K et al. • The Journal of physiology • 2022
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60Design of Machine Learning Algorithm for Tourism Demand Prediction.Yu N, Chen J • Computational and mathematical methods in medicine • 2022[Weight Forecast]